ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA: INSIGHTS FROM IGALA TRADITIONAL BUILDING PRACTICES

Abstract

Nigeria's rich cultural diversity is reflected in its different traditional building practices, each representing a unique cultural identity. However, modernization poses significant challenges to these traditional building practices. Contemporary architectural practices in Nigeria often neglect the local traditions and conditions that historically shaped building design and construction, particularly failing to consider crucial factors such as local culture, environment, and climate. This research focuses on the architectural heritage of the Igala people, with particular emphasis on their sustainable building practices. The study aims to examine the features and values inherent in Igala traditional building practices, and seeks to promote their preservation and integration in contemporary Nigerian architecture. The research employed narrative research approach, incorporating archival and historical data, field surveys, and interviews with local building professionals, traditional elders, and environmental experts. Data analysis was conducted through thematic content and descriptive analysis. The findings revealed key aspects of Igala indigenous building practices, including the use of courtyard layouts, hierarchical spatial configurations, organic growth patterns, and specialized food storage facilities. These features reflect a deep integration of socio-economic and socio-cultural functions. The research highlights how these traditional features contribute to sustainability by emphasizing valuable aspects such as security, privacy, communal living, cultural identity, energy efficiency, resource conservation, rainwater harvesting, passive solar design, and environmental conservation. The study underscores the importance of preserving these traditional building practices, not only to preserve cultural heritage but also to promote sustainable architectural practices in Nigeria by integrating indigenous knowledge into modern building design and construction.